📖 Definition
A condition in which the fetus does not grow at the expected rate during pregnancy, resulting in a smaller-than-normal fetus for gestational age (typically defined as below the 10th percentile). Causes include placental insufficiency, maternal hypertension, infection, chromosomal abnormalities, and substance use. IUGR increases the risk of stillbirth and neonatal complications. Monitored via serial growth ultrasounds.