NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing)
NIPT is a simple blood test that screens for chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome by analyzing fetal DNA in the mother's blood. It's non-invasive and available as early as 10 weeks.
Typically performed: Week 10 onwards
What NIPT Screens For
Standard NIPT panels screen for:
- Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
- Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
- Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)
- Sex chromosome conditions (Klinefelter, Turner, Triple X)
- Some panels also screen for microdeletions (like DiGeorge syndrome)
- Fetal sex (optional — you can choose not to know)
Accuracy and Limitations
NIPT has high sensitivity (99%+ for Down syndrome) and low false-positive rates. However, it is a screening test, not diagnostic — a positive result means increased risk, not a definitive diagnosis. Positive results should be followed up with diagnostic testing (amniocentesis or CVS). False positives and false negatives can occur, particularly for rare conditions.
Who It's Recommended For
NIPT is now available to all pregnant people regardless of age, though it was originally recommended primarily for those over 35 (advanced maternal age) or with other risk factors. Insurance coverage varies — some plans cover it for all pregnancies, others only for high-risk.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. NIPT is a blood test that screens for chromosomal conditions. The anatomy scan (20-week ultrasound) checks the baby's physical development and structure. They are different tests with different purposes.
Typically 7–14 days. Some labs offer faster turnaround.
A positive NIPT is not a diagnosis. You'll be referred for genetic counseling and offered diagnostic testing (amniocentesis or CVS) to confirm. Many NIPT positives turn out to be false positives on diagnostic follow-up.