Preeclampsia Symptoms
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure after 20 weeks, often accompanied by protein in the urine and organ involvement. It requires immediate medical attention.
Common Causes
- Abnormal placental development causing blood vessel dysfunction
- Immune system abnormalities affecting placental implantation
- Risk factors include first pregnancy, prior preeclampsia, multiple gestation, obesity, chronic hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, and autoimmune conditions
- Age (under 20 or over 35) increases risk
- Family history of preeclampsia
Remedies That May Help
Low-Dose Aspirin (if recommended)
For high-risk women, ACOG recommends low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) starting at 12–28 weeks to reduce preeclampsia risk. Take only if your provider recommends it.
Blood Pressure Monitoring
Home blood pressure monitors allow tracking between appointments. Your provider will advise on target readings.
Rest on Your Left Side
Left-lateral positioning improves kidney perfusion and blood pressure in women with hypertension.
Limit Salt Intake
While not proven to prevent preeclampsia, avoiding excessive sodium supports blood pressure management.
When to Call Your Doctor
- Blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher on two occasions
- Sudden severe headache that doesn't respond to Tylenol
- Visual disturbances: blurry vision, seeing spots or flashing lights, temporary loss of vision
- Sudden significant swelling of the face, hands, or feet
- Upper right abdominal pain or pain under your right ribs
- Rapid weight gain of more than 2–3 lbs in a week (from fluid)
- Nausea and vomiting that is new in the second or third trimester
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between gestational hypertension and preeclampsia?
Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure alone (after 20 weeks) without organ involvement. Preeclampsia involves high blood pressure plus signs of organ damage — protein in urine, liver dysfunction, kidney dysfunction, or neurological symptoms.
Can preeclampsia develop suddenly?
Yes — preeclampsia can develop rapidly. Regular prenatal monitoring catches early signs, but symptoms can escalate quickly, which is why warning signs should never be ignored.
Is preeclampsia curable?
The only cure for preeclampsia is delivery. Management before delivery focuses on stabilizing blood pressure and monitoring the baby. After delivery, most women fully recover.
What is HELLP syndrome?
HELLP is a severe complication of preeclampsia involving Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets. It is a medical emergency.
Can I prevent preeclampsia?
For high-risk women, low-dose aspirin significantly reduces risk. Maintaining a healthy weight before pregnancy, treating chronic conditions, and attending all prenatal appointments also helps.